Bronisława Dłuska (Polish pronunciation: [brɔɲiˈswava ˈdwuska]; née Skłodowska; 28 March 1865 – 15 April 1939) was a Polish physician, and co-founder and first director of Warsaw's Maria Skłodowska-Curie Institute of Oncology.
Bronisława Dłuska | |
|---|---|
 Bronisława Dłuska (right) with sister Maria, c. 1886 | |
| Born | Bronisława Skłodowska 28 March 1865 Warsaw, Congress Poland, Russian Empire |
| Died | 15 April 1939 (aged 74) Warsaw, Second Polish Republic |
| Nationality | Polish |
| Occupation | Physician |
| Spouse | Kazimierz Dłuski (m. 1890; died 1930) |
| Children | Helena Dłuska (1892—1922) Jakub Dłuski (c. 1896/97—1903) |
| Awards |  Order of Polonia Restituta, Gold Cross of Merit, Medal of Independence |
| Education | University of Paris |
| Alma mater | University of Paris |
| Known for | Co-founder and first director of Maria Skłodowska-Curie Institute of Oncology, Warsaw |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Medicine, Oncology |
| Institutions | Maria Skłodowska-Curie Institute of Oncology |
She was married to political activist Kazimierz Dłuski, and was an older sister of physicist Marie Curie.
Life
Early life
Bronisława was born 28 March 1865 in Warsaw to Władysław Skłodowski and Bronisława Skłodowska, both of whom were teachers. The second eldest of five children, she had three sisters—Zofia, Helena, and Maria—and a brother, Józef.
On both the paternal and maternal sides, the family had lost their property and fortunes through patriotic involvements in Polish national uprisings aimed at restoring Poland's independence (the most recent had been the January Uprising of 1863–65). This left the subsequent generation to a difficult struggle to get ahead in life.
Her paternal grandfather, , had been a respected teacher in Lublin, where he taught the young Bolesław Prus, who would become a leading figure in Polish literature. Her father, Władysław Skłodowski, taught mathematics and physics, and was also director of two Warsaw gymnasia for boys. After Russian authorities eliminated laboratory instruction from the Polish schools, he brought much of the laboratory equipment home, and instructed his children in its use.
The father was eventually fired by his Russian supervisors for pro-Polish sentiments, and forced to take lower-paying posts; the family also lost money on a bad investment, and eventually chose to supplement their income by lodging boys in the house. Her mother, Bronisława, operated a prestigious Warsaw boarding school for girls; she resigned from the position after Maria was born. She died of tuberculosis in May 1878, when the young Bronisława was only 13 years old, leaving the teenager, now the eldest woman in the family, to care for Helena, Maria, and Józef. Less than three years earlier, Bronisława's older sister, Zofia, had died of typhus contracted from a boarder.
Education and life in Paris
In 1882 Bronisława graduated from secondary school with a gold medal. Unable to study at institutions of higher learning that did not admit women, she joined the underground Floating University, tutoring to fund her future studies. At age 19 she left for Paris, where she studied medicine at the Sorbonne. Maria helped her sister financially, under an agreement that Maria would help Bronisława during her medical studies, in exchange for similar assistance when Maria went to study in Paris.
In 1890 Bronisława graduated as a gynaecologist-obstetrician and married political exile and fellow-physician Kazimierz Dłuski. The couple were active in the local community; she ran a medical clinic, many of her clients being workers and their families, and the couple's apartment functioned as a "culture salon" for Polish exiles, immigrants, and expatriates.
At her sister's insistence, Maria joined the couple in Paris in 1891 to start her own studies at the Sorbonne. Maria lived with them for a time before renting a garret closer to the university than Bronisława's apartment - a one-hour carriage ride distant.
Bronisława and Kazimierz had a daughter, Helena, in 1892, then a son, Jakub, a few years later.
Return to Poland
She and Kazimierz returned to Poland in 1898 to set up a pulmonological sanitarium in the southern, Tatra Mountains resort town of Zakopane. Kazimierz was not permitted to travel to the Russian partition of Poland.
Beginning in early August 1914, one of Zakopane's notable World War I visitors was the Polish-born English-language novelist Joseph Conrad, who took refuge there with his family. The patriotic Bronisława Dłuska scolded him for using his great literary talent for purposes other than bettering the future of his native Poland, which Conrad had left at age 16.
After World War I, Poland regained its independence, and Kazimierz joined the Polish delegates at the 1919 Versailles Peace Conference.
Now free to return to a Warsaw no longer under Russian rule, the Dłuskis set up a tuberculosis preventorium in the Warsaw suburb of Anin.
Following the successful opening of the first Radium Institute in Paris in 1918, Maria, now known by her adopted French given name of Marie, began work setting up a second Radium Institute in Warsaw. Building began in 1925 with the laying of the foundation stone of the Warsaw Radium Institute, with Bronisława to be its director. She supervised the construction and recruitment, while Marie raised funds in the United States and elsewhere, and despite the death of Kazimierz in 1930, Bronisława continued to run and oversee the creation of the facility. On 29 May 1932, the Institute was officially opened, with Bronisława as the first director.
Death
On 15 April 1939, Bronisława died of natural causes, aged 74. She is interred in the family tomb with her parents, her sisters Zofia and Helena, and her brother Józef.
See also
- Bolesław Prus
References
- Genealogia, Genealodzy.PL. "Program indeksacji aktów stanu cywilnego i metryk kościelnych". metryki.genealodzy.pl. Archived from the original on 18 November 2017. Retrieved 17 November 2017.
- Wierzewski, Wojciech A. (21 June 2008). "Mazowieckie korzenie Marii" [Maria's Mazowsze Roots]. Gwiazda Polarna. 100 (13): 16–17. Archived from the original on March 21, 2009. Retrieved 23 August 2015.
- Reid, Robert William (1974). Marie Curie. New American Library. p. 12. ISBN 0002115395. Archived from the original on 2023-07-26. Retrieved 2016-11-02.
- Miłosz, Czesław (1983). The History of Polish Literature. University of California Press. p. 291. ISBN 978-0-520-04477-7.
Undoubtedly the most important novelist of the period was Bolesław Prus...
- "Marie Curie – Polish Girlhood (1867–1891) Part 1". American Institute of Physics. Archived from the original on 2 November 2011. Retrieved 7 November 2011.
- Podogrocka, Ewa. "Bronisława Dłuska". Unlearned Lessons. Archived from the original on 1 April 2018. Retrieved 22 August 2015.
- "Marie Curie – Student in Paris (1891–1897) Part 1". American Institute of Physics. Archived from the original on 7 June 2007. Retrieved 7 November 2011.
- Robert William Reid (1974). Marie Curie. New American Library. p. 32. ISBN 0002115395. Archived from the original on 2023-07-26. Retrieved 2016-11-02.
- Sarv, Henn (3 November 2014). "Bronisława Dłuska". Geni.com. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 23 August 2015.
- Zdzisław Najder, Joseph Conrad: A Life, translated by Halina Najder, Rochester, New York, Camden House, 2007, ISBN 1-57113-347-X, p. 463.
- Zdzisław Najder, Joseph Conrad: A Life, 2007, p. 44.
- Skwarzec, Bogdan (March 2011). "Maria Skłodowska-Curie (1867–1934)—her life and discoveries" (PDF). Anal Bioanal Chem. 400 (Special issue: Radioanalytics–Dedicated to Marie Skłodowska–Curie): 1547–1554. doi:10.1007/s00216-011-4771-3. PMID 21390567. S2CID 40787185. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2015-09-03.
- "Warsaw in the footsteps of Maria Skłodowska-Curie". Warsaw Tourist Office. Retrieved 22 August 2015.[permanent dead link]
Bronislawa Dluska Polish pronunciation brɔɲiˈswava ˈdwuska nee Sklodowska 28 March 1865 15 April 1939 was a Polish physician and co founder and first director of Warsaw s Maria Sklodowska Curie Institute of Oncology Bronislawa DluskaBronislawa Dluska right with sister Maria c 1886BornBronislawa Sklodowska 28 March 1865 Warsaw Congress Poland Russian EmpireDied15 April 1939 1939 04 15 aged 74 Warsaw Second Polish RepublicNationalityPolishOccupationPhysicianSpouseKazimierz Dluski m 1890 died 1930 wbr ChildrenHelena Dluska 1892 1922 Jakub Dluski c 1896 97 1903 AwardsOrder of Polonia Restituta Gold Cross of Merit Medal of IndependenceEducationUniversity of ParisAlma materUniversity of ParisKnown forCo founder and first director of Maria Sklodowska Curie Institute of Oncology WarsawScientific careerFieldsMedicine OncologyInstitutionsMaria Sklodowska Curie Institute of Oncology She was married to political activist Kazimierz Dluski and was an older sister of physicist Marie Curie LifeEarly life Bronislawa Dluska centre right with father Wladyslaw Sklodowski and sisters Maria left and Helena right 1890 Bronislawa was born 28 March 1865 in Warsaw to Wladyslaw Sklodowski and Bronislawa Sklodowska both of whom were teachers The second eldest of five children she had three sisters Zofia Helena and Maria and a brother Jozef On both the paternal and maternal sides the family had lost their property and fortunes through patriotic involvements in Polish national uprisings aimed at restoring Poland s independence the most recent had been the January Uprising of 1863 65 This left the subsequent generation to a difficult struggle to get ahead in life Her paternal grandfather pl had been a respected teacher in Lublin where he taught the young Boleslaw Prus who would become a leading figure in Polish literature Her father Wladyslaw Sklodowski taught mathematics and physics and was also director of two Warsaw gymnasia for boys After Russian authorities eliminated laboratory instruction from the Polish schools he brought much of the laboratory equipment home and instructed his children in its use The father was eventually fired by his Russian supervisors for pro Polish sentiments and forced to take lower paying posts the family also lost money on a bad investment and eventually chose to supplement their income by lodging boys in the house Her mother Bronislawa operated a prestigious Warsaw boarding school for girls she resigned from the position after Maria was born She died of tuberculosis in May 1878 when the young Bronislawa was only 13 years old leaving the teenager now the eldest woman in the family to care for Helena Maria and Jozef Less than three years earlier Bronislawa s older sister Zofia had died of typhus contracted from a boarder Education and life in Paris In 1882 Bronislawa graduated from secondary school with a gold medal Unable to study at institutions of higher learning that did not admit women she joined the underground Floating University tutoring to fund her future studies At age 19 she left for Paris where she studied medicine at the Sorbonne Maria helped her sister financially under an agreement that Maria would help Bronislawa during her medical studies in exchange for similar assistance when Maria went to study in Paris In 1890 Bronislawa graduated as a gynaecologist obstetrician and married political exile and fellow physician Kazimierz Dluski The couple were active in the local community she ran a medical clinic many of her clients being workers and their families and the couple s apartment functioned as a culture salon for Polish exiles immigrants and expatriates At her sister s insistence Maria joined the couple in Paris in 1891 to start her own studies at the Sorbonne Maria lived with them for a time before renting a garret closer to the university than Bronislawa s apartment a one hour carriage ride distant Bronislawa and Kazimierz had a daughter Helena in 1892 then a son Jakub a few years later Return to Poland Bronislawa Dluska before 1901 She and Kazimierz returned to Poland in 1898 to set up a pulmonological sanitarium in the southern Tatra Mountains resort town of Zakopane Kazimierz was not permitted to travel to the Russian partition of Poland Beginning in early August 1914 one of Zakopane s notable World War I visitors was the Polish born English language novelist Joseph Conrad who took refuge there with his family The patriotic Bronislawa Dluska scolded him for using his great literary talent for purposes other than bettering the future of his native Poland which Conrad had left at age 16 After World War I Poland regained its independence and Kazimierz joined the Polish delegates at the 1919 Versailles Peace Conference Now free to return to a Warsaw no longer under Russian rule the Dluskis set up a tuberculosis preventorium in the Warsaw suburb of Anin Following the successful opening of the first Radium Institute in Paris in 1918 Maria now known by her adopted French given name of Marie began work setting up a second Radium Institute in Warsaw Building began in 1925 with the laying of the foundation stone of the Warsaw Radium Institute with Bronislawa to be its director She supervised the construction and recruitment while Marie raised funds in the United States and elsewhere and despite the death of Kazimierz in 1930 Bronislawa continued to run and oversee the creation of the facility On 29 May 1932 the Institute was officially opened with Bronislawa as the first director Death Sklodowski family tomb in Warsaw On 15 April 1939 Bronislawa died of natural causes aged 74 She is interred in the family tomb with her parents her sisters Zofia and Helena and her brother Jozef See alsoBoleslaw PrusReferencesGenealogia Genealodzy PL Program indeksacji aktow stanu cywilnego i metryk koscielnych metryki genealodzy pl Archived from the original on 18 November 2017 Retrieved 17 November 2017 Wierzewski Wojciech A 21 June 2008 Mazowieckie korzenie Marii Maria s Mazowsze Roots Gwiazda Polarna 100 13 16 17 Archived from the original on March 21 2009 Retrieved 23 August 2015 Reid Robert William 1974 Marie Curie New American Library p 12 ISBN 0002115395 Archived from the original on 2023 07 26 Retrieved 2016 11 02 Milosz Czeslaw 1983 The History of Polish Literature University of California Press p 291 ISBN 978 0 520 04477 7 Undoubtedly the most important novelist of the period was Boleslaw Prus Marie Curie Polish Girlhood 1867 1891 Part 1 American Institute of Physics Archived from the original on 2 November 2011 Retrieved 7 November 2011 Podogrocka Ewa Bronislawa Dluska Unlearned Lessons Archived from the original on 1 April 2018 Retrieved 22 August 2015 Marie Curie Student in Paris 1891 1897 Part 1 American Institute of Physics Archived from the original on 7 June 2007 Retrieved 7 November 2011 Robert William Reid 1974 Marie Curie New American Library p 32 ISBN 0002115395 Archived from the original on 2023 07 26 Retrieved 2016 11 02 Sarv Henn 3 November 2014 Bronislawa Dluska Geni com Archived from the original on 24 September 2015 Retrieved 23 August 2015 Zdzislaw Najder Joseph Conrad A Life translated by Halina Najder Rochester New York Camden House 2007 ISBN 1 57113 347 X p 463 Zdzislaw Najder Joseph Conrad A Life 2007 p 44 Skwarzec Bogdan March 2011 Maria Sklodowska Curie 1867 1934 her life and discoveries PDF Anal Bioanal Chem 400 Special issue Radioanalytics Dedicated to Marie Sklodowska Curie 1547 1554 doi 10 1007 s00216 011 4771 3 PMID 21390567 S2CID 40787185 Archived from the original PDF on 2016 03 04 Retrieved 2015 09 03 Warsaw in the footsteps of Maria Sklodowska Curie Warsaw Tourist Office Retrieved 22 August 2015 permanent dead link Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bronislawa Dluska
