The People's Republic of China (PRC) shares land borders with 14 countries (tied with Russia for the most in the world): North Korea, Russia, Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, Laos, and Vietnam. The land borders, in counterclockwise order from northeast to southwest, include the China–North Korea border, the eastern segment of the China–Russia border, the China–Mongolia border, the western segment of the China–Russia border (the most contested of the Sino-Indian border dispute), the China–Kazakhstan border, the China–Kyrgyzstan border, the China–Tajikistan border, the China–Afghanistan border, the China–Pakistan border, the western segment of the China–India border, the China–Nepal border, the central segment of the China–India border (Sikkim), the China–Bhutan border, the eastern segment of the China–India border, the China–Myanmar border, the China–Laos border, the China–Vietnam border. In addition, there is a 30-kilometre (19 mi) internal border with the special administrative region of Hong Kong, which was a British dependency before 1997, and a 3-kilometre (1.9 mi) internal border with Macau, a Portuguese territory until 1999.
To the west, PRC has maritime borders with North Korea, Japan and contested limits with Taiwan and other countries in the South China Sea, among other territorial disputes of the People's Republic of China.
At 22,457 kilometres (13,954 mi), China has the longest land borders of any country.
Land border by polity
Below is a table of countries and territories that share a land border with China around its perimeter. In parentheses are their lengths in miles.
| Country | Length |
|---|---|
 North Korea | 1,416 km (880 mi) |
 Russia | 3,645 km (2,265 mi) |
 Mongolia | 4,678 km (2,907 mi) |
 Kazakhstan | 1,533 km (953 mi) |
 Kyrgyzstan | 858 km (533 mi) |
 Tajikistan | 414 km (257 mi) |
 Afghanistan | 76 km (47 mi) |
 Pakistan | 596 km (370 mi) |
 India | 3,488 km (2,167 mi) |
 Nepal | 1,440 km (890 mi) |
 Bhutan | 470 km (290 mi) |
 Myanmar | 2,185 km (1,358 mi) |
 Laos | 423 km (263 mi) |
 Vietnam | 1,283 km (797 mi) |
China Rim
The region of all countries bordering China is sometimes referred to by scholars as the China Rim, or simply as China's periphery (Chinese: 中国周边). The China Rim plays a significant role in competition between other countries and China, as is the case with America's China Containment Policy. Significant competition took place between America and China in the region after the middle of the 20th century. Currently, a greater level of scrutiny and competition are happening around the maritime portion of the rim (particularly Taiwan and Maritime Southeast Asia).
Relevant treaties
This section needs additional citations for verification. (May 2024) |
External link: 中俄边界谈判史
Since 1689, the relevant treaties on the boundary of China are:
| Parties | Gregorian date | Full name of treaty |
|---|---|---|
 | 7 September 1689 | Treaty of Nerchinsk |
| year 1727 | Treaty of Kiakhta | |
| 28 May 1858 | Aihui Treaty | |
| 14 November 1860 | Beijing Treaty | |
| 7 October 1864 | Record of Sino-Russian Exploration and Demarcations in the Northwest | |
| 1869, 1883 | Cobb Convention | |
| 1870 | Uriasutay Convention | |
| 1870, 1883 | Talbahatay Convention | |
| 1870, 1882 | The Ili Boundary Convention | |
| year 1882 | Northeast Kashgar Boundary Convention | |
| year 1883 | Arakbek Estuary Boundary Convention | |
| year 1884 | Northwest Kashgar Boundary Convention | |
 | 1890 | Sino-British Treaty of Tibet and India |
 | 1909 | Terms of the Korea-Korea Boundary on the Tumen River |
| | 20 December 1911 | Manzhouli Boundary Convention |
 | 4 September 1958 | Statement of the Government of the People's Republic of China on the Territorial Sea |
 | 28 January 1960 | Agreement between the Government of the People's Republic of China and the Government of the Union of Myanmar on the Boundary Question between the two countries |
| 14 May 1960 | Agreement between the Government of the People's Republic of China and the Government of the Union of Myanmar on the Boundary Question between the two countries | |
| 1 October 1960 | Boundary Treaty between the People's Republic of China and the Union of Myanmar | |
| 4 January 1961 | Boundary Treaty between the People's Republic of China and the Union of Myanmar | |
| | 5 October 1961 | Boundary Treaty between the People's Republic of China and the Kingdom of Nepal |
| | 13 October 1961 | Protocol between the Government of the People's Republic of China and the Government of the Union of Myanmar concerning the Boundary between the two countries |
| | 12 October 1962 | Boundary Treaty between the People's Republic of China and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea |
| | 26 December 1962 | Sino-Korean Border Agreement, Boundary Treaty between the People's Republic of China and the People's Republic of Mongolia |
| | 2 March 1963 | China-Pakistan Boundary Agreement between the Government of the People's Republic of China and the Government of Pakistan Concerning the Boundary Bordering Xinjiang of China and Various Areas under Pakistan's Effective Control for Defense |
| | 25 March 1963 | Boundary Treaty between the People's Republic of China and the People's Republic of Mongolia |
 | 22 November 1963 | Boundary Treaty between the People's Republic of China and the Kingdom of Afghanistan, or Sino-Afghan boundary treaty |
| | 20 March 1964 | Boundary Treaty between the People's Republic of China and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea |
| 20 March 1964 | Sino-Korean Border Agreement, Protocol between the Government of the People's Republic of China and the Government of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea Concerning the China-Korea Boundary | |
| | 10 December 1982 | Signing of United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (including the People's Republic of China) |
| | 19 December 1984 | Sino-British Joint Declaration, or Joint Declaration of the Government of the People's Republic of China and the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland on the Question of Hong Kong |
 | 13 April 1987 | China-Portugal Joint Statement of the Government of the People's Republic of China and the Government of the Portuguese Republic on the Question of Macao |
 | 16 May 1991 | Agreement between the People's Republic of China and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the Eastern Section of the Sino-Soviet Border |
| | 24 October 1991 | Boundary Treaty between the People's Republic of China and the Lao People's Democratic Republic |
| 21 January 1992 | Boundary Treaty between the People's Republic of China and the Lao People's Democratic Republic | |
| | 25 February 1992 | Law of the People's Republic of China on the Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone |
| | 16 March 1992 | Agreement between the People's Republic of China and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the Eastern Section of the Sino-Soviet Border |
| | 31 January 1993 | Protocol between the Government of the People's Republic of China and the Government of the Lao People's Democratic Republic Concerning the Boundary between the two countries |
| | 3 December 1993 | Treaty on the Boundary Regime between the Government of the People's Republic of China and the Government of the Lao People's Democratic Republic |
| | 27 January 1994 | Agreement between the Government of the People's Republic of China, the Government of the Russian Federation and the Government of Mongolia on Determining the Boundary Points of the Three Countries |
| | 8 April 1994 | Agreement between the Government of the People's Republic of China and the Government of the Lao People's Democratic Republic and the Government of the Union of Myanmar on Determining the Tri-Junction |
| 11 October 1995 | Agreement between the Government of the People's Republic of China and the Government of the Lao People's Democratic Republic and the Government of the Union of Myanmar on Determining the Tri-Junction | |
| | 12 August 1994 | Treaty on the Boundary Regime between the Government of the People's Republic of China and the Government of the Lao People's Democratic Republic |
| | 26 April 1994 | Agreement between the People's Republic of China and the Republic of Kazakhstan on the China-Kazakhstan Boundary |
| | 3 September 1994 | Agreement between the People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation Concerning the Western Section of the China-Russia Boundary |
| | 16 November 1994 | United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (including the People's Republic of China) |
| | 17 October 1995 | Agreement between the People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation concerning the Western Section of the China-Russia Boundary |
| | 15 May 1996 | Statement of the Government of the People's Republic of China on the baselines of the Territorial Sea of the People's Republic of China |
| | 24 June 1996 | Protocol between the Government of the People's Republic of China, the Government of the Russian Federation and the Government of Mongolia Concerning the Description of the Western Boundary Point of the Three Countries |
| 24 June 1996 | Signed the Protocol between the Government of the People's Republic of China, the Government of the Russian Federation and the Government of Mongolia Concerning the Description of the Eastern Junction of the Tri-Border | |
| | 4 July 1996 | Agreement between the People's Republic of China and the Kyrgyz Republic Concerning the Boundary Area between China and the Kyrgyz Republic |
| | 26 August 1997 | Protocol supplementing to the Treaty on the Boundary Regime between the Government of the People's Republic of China and the Government of the Lao People's Democratic Republic |
| | 24 September 1997 | Supplementary Agreement between the People's Republic of China and the Republic of Kazakhstan on the China-Kazakhstan Boundary |
| 4 July 1998 | Supplementary Agreement between the People's Republic of China and the Republic of Kazakhstan Concerning the China-Kazakhstan Boundary Area (1998) | |
| | 3 November 1998 | Agreement between the Government of the People's Republic of China, the Government of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea and the Government of the Russian Federation Concerning the Demarcation Line of the Waters of the Three Countries along the Tumen River |
| | 29 April 1999 | Decision of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress on the Approval of the "Agreement between the Government of the People's Republic of China, the Government of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea and the Government of the Russian Federation Concerning the Demarcation Line of the Waters of the Three Countries along the Tumen River" |
| | 5 May 1999 | Agreement between the People's Republic of China, the Russian Federation and the Republic of Kazakhstan Concerning the Determination of the Boundary Points of the Tripartite State Border |
| | 13 August 1999 | Agreement between the People's Republic of China and the Republic of Tajikistan Concerning the China-Tajikistan Boundary |
| | 25 August 1999 | Agreement between the People's Republic of China, the Kyrgyz Republic and the Republic of Kazakhstan Concerning the Boundary Points of the Three Countries |
| | 26 August 1999 | Supplementary Agreement between the People's Republic of China and the Kyrgyz Republic Concerning the National Boundary between China and the Kyrgyz Republic |
| | 30 December 1999 | Treaty on the Land Boundary Treaty between the People's Republic of China and the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam |
| | 29 April 2000 | Decision of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress on Ratifying the Treaty on the Land Boundary between the People's Republic of China and the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam |
| | 5 July 2000 | Agreement between the People's Republic of China, the Republic of Tajikistan and the Kyrgyz Republic Concerning the Tri-Border Points |
| | 25 December 2000 | Agreement between the People's Republic of China and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam on the Delimitation of the Territorial Sea, Exclusive Economic Zone and Continental Shelf between the two countries in the Beibu Gulf |
| | 17 May 2002 | Supplementary Agreement between the People's Republic of China and the Republic of Tajikistan concerning the China-Tajikistan Boundary |
| | 20 June 2002 | Protocol between the Government of the People's Republic of China, the Democratic People's Republic of Korea and the Government of the Russian Federation Concerning the Description of the Boundary Points of the People's Republic of China, the Democratic People's Republic of Korea and the Russian Federation on the Tumen River |
| 29 March 2003 | Protocol between the Government of the People's Republic of China, the Democratic People's Republic of Korea and the Government of the Russian Federation Concerning the Description of the Boundary Points of the People's Republic of China, the Democratic People's Republic of Korea and the Russian Federation on the Tumen River | |
| | 25 June 2004 | Decision of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress on ratifying the "Agreement between the People's Republic of China and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam on the Delimitation of the Territorial Sea, Exclusive Economic Zone and Continental Shelf in the Beibu Gulf" |
| | 14 October 2004 | Supplementary Agreement between the People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation concerning the Eastern Section of the National Boundary between China and Russia |
| 2 June 2005 | Supplementary Agreement between the People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation concerning the Eastern Section of the National Boundary between China and Russia | |
| | 10 October 2006 | Treaty of the People's Republic of China, the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam and the Lao People's Democratic Republic on Determining the Boundary Points of the Three Countries |
| | 28 February 2007 | Decision of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress on ratifying the "Treaty of the People's Republic of China, the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam and the Lao People's Democratic Republic on Determining the Boundary Points of the Three Countries", Identifying the Three Countries Decision of the Treaty on Border Crossings |
 | 5 June 2012 | The Agreement between the People's Republic of China, the Republic of Tajikistan and the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan on Determining the Boundary Points of the Three Countries |
| | 10 September 2012 | Statement of the Government of the People's Republic of China on the baselines of the territorial sea of the Diaoyu Dao and its Affiliated Islands |
 | 14 December 2014 | Agreement between the People's Republic of China, the Republic of Tajikistan and the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan on Determining the Boundary Points of the Three Countries |
 | July 2016 | China Adheres to the Position of Settling Through Negotiation the Relevant Disputes Between China and the Philippines in the South China Sea |
See also
- Ports of entry of China
- Territorial changes of the People's Republic of China
- Territorial disputes of the People's Republic of China
- Chinese–Korean border fence
- McMahon Line
- Tumen River
- Boundaries of Hong Kong
- Boundaries of Macau
- Frontier Closed Area
- Sino-Indian border dispute
Notes
- In three sections, separated by Nepal and Bhutan; depends on the resolution of Sino-Indian border dispute, and disputes between India and Pakistan
- Depends on the resolution of territorial disputes between Bhutan and China
- The legal land boundary of the Republic of China is still based on these treaties.
References
- "China", The World Factbook, Central Intelligence Agency, retrieved 9 June 2024
- CIA: The World Factbook, China
- S, Fletcher (2005). "Energy competition seen raising tension in'China Rim'". Oil & Gas Journal (in Korean). 103 (17): 40.
- Pyatt, T. Roger (June 1995). "Business Networks and Dyad Studies: Theory and Practice in Southeast Asia". Asia Pacific Business Review. 1 (4): 1–14. doi:10.1080/13602389500000013. ISSN 1360-2381.
- Weirauch, Wendy (1 November 2005). "Producer's viewpoint: petrochemicals outlook in a changing world". Hydrocarbon Processing. 84 (11): 25–26.
- Lanteigne, Marc (28 June 2019). Chinese Foreign Policy: An Introduction. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-429-79543-5.
- Blanchard, Jean-Marc F.; Shen, Simon (20 February 2015). Conflict and Cooperation in Sino-US Relations: Change and Continuity, Causes and Cures. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-66427-7.
- Freeman, Carla (1 January 2021). "12. China's Periphery: A Rift Zone in U.S.-China Relations". Engaging China: 335–364. doi:10.7312/thur20128-012. ISBN 978-0-231-55402-2.
- Cumings, Bruce (1999). "The American Century and the Third World". Diplomatic History. 23 (2): 355–370. doi:10.1111/1467-7709.00169. ISSN 0145-2096. JSTOR 24913744.
- Huck, Arthur (1979). "Review of China and the Major Powers in East Asia.; China and America.; Dragon and Eagle". Pacific Affairs. 52 (1): 110–113. doi:10.2307/2757771. ISSN 0030-851X. JSTOR 2757771.
- Sutter, Robert (2015). "More American Attention to Taiwan Amid Heightened Competition with China". American Journal of Chinese Studies. 22 (1): 1–16. ISSN 2166-0042. JSTOR 44289071.
External links
Media related to Borders of China at Wikimedia Commons
The People s Republic of China PRC shares land borders with 14 countries tied with Russia for the most in the world North Korea Russia Mongolia Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Tajikistan Afghanistan Pakistan India Nepal Bhutan Myanmar Laos and Vietnam The land borders in counterclockwise order from northeast to southwest include the China North Korea border the eastern segment of the China Russia border the China Mongolia border the western segment of the China Russia border the most contested of the Sino Indian border dispute the China Kazakhstan border the China Kyrgyzstan border the China Tajikistan border the China Afghanistan border the China Pakistan border the western segment of the China India border the China Nepal border the central segment of the China India border Sikkim the China Bhutan border the eastern segment of the China India border the China Myanmar border the China Laos border the China Vietnam border In addition there is a 30 kilometre 19 mi internal border with the special administrative region of Hong Kong which was a British dependency before 1997 and a 3 kilometre 1 9 mi internal border with Macau a Portuguese territory until 1999 Map of China and its borders within AsiaStyle of China s boundary marker Sino Russian border railway port at Manzhouli Models of the Sino Russian border port in Manzhouli from various historical periods displayed in the square The northernmost point of China north of Mohe in Heilongjiang with Russia on the other side of the fence Aerial view of Sinuiju in North Korea from Dandong China with the Sino Korean Friendship Bridge and the Yalu River on the China North Korea border Chung Ying Street at the border of Shenzhen and Hong KongBorder guard booth on Lovers South Road in Zhuhai with MacaoThe Red River the border between China and Vietnam The Sino Nepalese border passes through Mount Everest The Khunjerab Pass at the border between China and Pakistan China s northernmost border in the middle of the Amur River north of Mohe City To the west PRC has maritime borders with North Korea Japan and contested limits with Taiwan and other countries in the South China Sea among other territorial disputes of the People s Republic of China At 22 457 kilometres 13 954 mi China has the longest land borders of any country Land border by polityBelow is a table of countries and territories that share a land border with China around its perimeter In parentheses are their lengths in miles Country Length North Korea 1 416 km 880 mi Russia 3 645 km 2 265 mi Mongolia 4 678 km 2 907 mi Kazakhstan 1 533 km 953 mi Kyrgyzstan 858 km 533 mi Tajikistan 414 km 257 mi Afghanistan 76 km 47 mi Pakistan 596 km 370 mi India 3 488 km 2 167 mi Nepal 1 440 km 890 mi Bhutan 470 km 290 mi Myanmar 2 185 km 1 358 mi Laos 423 km 263 mi Vietnam 1 283 km 797 mi China RimThe region of all countries bordering China is sometimes referred to by scholars as the China Rim or simply as China s periphery Chinese 中国周边 The China Rim plays a significant role in competition between other countries and China as is the case with America s China Containment Policy Significant competition took place between America and China in the region after the middle of the 20th century Currently a greater level of scrutiny and competition are happening around the maritime portion of the rim particularly Taiwan and Maritime Southeast Asia Relevant treatiesThis section needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources in this section Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Borders of China news newspapers books scholar JSTOR May 2024 Learn how and when to remove this message External link 中俄边界谈判史 Since 1689 the relevant treaties on the boundary of China are Parties Gregorian date Full name of treaty7 September 1689 Treaty of Nerchinskyear 1727 Treaty of Kiakhta28 May 1858 Aihui Treaty14 November 1860 Beijing Treaty7 October 1864 Record of Sino Russian Exploration and Demarcations in the Northwest1869 1883 Cobb Convention1870 Uriasutay Convention1870 1883 Talbahatay Convention1870 1882 The Ili Boundary Conventionyear 1882 Northeast Kashgar Boundary Conventionyear 1883 Arakbek Estuary Boundary Conventionyear 1884 Northwest Kashgar Boundary Convention1890 Sino British Treaty of Tibet and India1909 Terms of the Korea Korea Boundary on the Tumen River20 December 1911 Manzhouli Boundary Convention4 September 1958 Statement of the Government of the People s Republic of China on the Territorial Sea28 January 1960 Agreement between the Government of the People s Republic of China and the Government of the Union of Myanmar on the Boundary Question between the two countries14 May 1960 Agreement between the Government of the People s Republic of China and the Government of the Union of Myanmar on the Boundary Question between the two countries1 October 1960 Boundary Treaty between the People s Republic of China and the Union of Myanmar4 January 1961 Boundary Treaty between the People s Republic of China and the Union of Myanmar5 October 1961 Boundary Treaty between the People s Republic of China and the Kingdom of Nepal13 October 1961 Protocol between the Government of the People s Republic of China and the Government of the Union of Myanmar concerning the Boundary between the two countries12 October 1962 Boundary Treaty between the People s Republic of China and the Democratic People s Republic of Korea26 December 1962 Sino Korean Border Agreement Boundary Treaty between the People s Republic of China and the People s Republic of Mongolia2 March 1963 China Pakistan Boundary Agreement between the Government of the People s Republic of China and the Government of Pakistan Concerning the Boundary Bordering Xinjiang of China and Various Areas under Pakistan s Effective Control for Defense25 March 1963 Boundary Treaty between the People s Republic of China and the People s Republic of Mongolia22 November 1963 Boundary Treaty between the People s Republic of China and the Kingdom of Afghanistan or Sino Afghan boundary treaty20 March 1964 Boundary Treaty between the People s Republic of China and the Democratic People s Republic of Korea20 March 1964 Sino Korean Border Agreement Protocol between the Government of the People s Republic of China and the Government of the Democratic People s Republic of Korea Concerning the China Korea Boundary10 December 1982 Signing of United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea including the People s Republic of China 19 December 1984 Sino British Joint Declaration or Joint Declaration of the Government of the People s Republic of China and the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland on the Question of Hong Kong13 April 1987 China Portugal Joint Statement of the Government of the People s Republic of China and the Government of the Portuguese Republic on the Question of Macao16 May 1991 Agreement between the People s Republic of China and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the Eastern Section of the Sino Soviet Border24 October 1991 Boundary Treaty between the People s Republic of China and the Lao People s Democratic Republic21 January 1992 Boundary Treaty between the People s Republic of China and the Lao People s Democratic Republic25 February 1992 Law of the People s Republic of China on the Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone16 March 1992 Agreement between the People s Republic of China and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the Eastern Section of the Sino Soviet Border31 January 1993 Protocol between the Government of the People s Republic of China and the Government of the Lao People s Democratic Republic Concerning the Boundary between the two countries3 December 1993 Treaty on the Boundary Regime between the Government of the People s Republic of China and the Government of the Lao People s Democratic Republic27 January 1994 Agreement between the Government of the People s Republic of China the Government of the Russian Federation and the Government of Mongolia on Determining the Boundary Points of the Three Countries8 April 1994 Agreement between the Government of the People s Republic of China and the Government of the Lao People s Democratic Republic and the Government of the Union of Myanmar on Determining the Tri Junction11 October 1995 Agreement between the Government of the People s Republic of China and the Government of the Lao People s Democratic Republic and the Government of the Union of Myanmar on Determining the Tri Junction12 August 1994 Treaty on the Boundary Regime between the Government of the People s Republic of China and the Government of the Lao People s Democratic Republic26 April 1994 Agreement between the People s Republic of China and the Republic of Kazakhstan on the China Kazakhstan Boundary3 September 1994 Agreement between the People s Republic of China and the Russian Federation Concerning the Western Section of the China Russia Boundary16 November 1994 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea including the People s Republic of China 17 October 1995 Agreement between the People s Republic of China and the Russian Federation concerning the Western Section of the China Russia Boundary15 May 1996 Statement of the Government of the People s Republic of China on the baselines of the Territorial Sea of the People s Republic of China24 June 1996 Protocol between the Government of the People s Republic of China the Government of the Russian Federation and the Government of Mongolia Concerning the Description of the Western Boundary Point of the Three Countries24 June 1996 Signed the Protocol between the Government of the People s Republic of China the Government of the Russian Federation and the Government of Mongolia Concerning the Description of the Eastern Junction of the Tri Border4 July 1996 Agreement between the People s Republic of China and the Kyrgyz Republic Concerning the Boundary Area between China and the Kyrgyz Republic26 August 1997 Protocol supplementing to the Treaty on the Boundary Regime between the Government of the People s Republic of China and the Government of the Lao People s Democratic Republic24 September 1997 Supplementary Agreement between the People s Republic of China and the Republic of Kazakhstan on the China Kazakhstan Boundary4 July 1998 Supplementary Agreement between the People s Republic of China and the Republic of Kazakhstan Concerning the China Kazakhstan Boundary Area 1998 3 November 1998 Agreement between the Government of the People s Republic of China the Government of the Democratic People s Republic of Korea and the Government of the Russian Federation Concerning the Demarcation Line of the Waters of the Three Countries along the Tumen River29 April 1999 Decision of the Standing Committee of the National People s Congress on the Approval of the Agreement between the Government of the People s Republic of China the Government of the Democratic People s Republic of Korea and the Government of the Russian Federation Concerning the Demarcation Line of the Waters of the Three Countries along the Tumen River 5 May 1999 Agreement between the People s Republic of China the Russian Federation and the Republic of Kazakhstan Concerning the Determination of the Boundary Points of the Tripartite State Border13 August 1999 Agreement between the People s Republic of China and the Republic of Tajikistan Concerning the China Tajikistan Boundary25 August 1999 Agreement between the People s Republic of China the Kyrgyz Republic and the Republic of Kazakhstan Concerning the Boundary Points of the Three Countries26 August 1999 Supplementary Agreement between the People s Republic of China and the Kyrgyz Republic Concerning the National Boundary between China and the Kyrgyz Republic30 December 1999 Treaty on the Land Boundary Treaty between the People s Republic of China and the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam29 April 2000 Decision of the Standing Committee of the National People s Congress on Ratifying the Treaty on the Land Boundary between the People s Republic of China and the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam5 July 2000 Agreement between the People s Republic of China the Republic of Tajikistan and the Kyrgyz Republic Concerning the Tri Border Points25 December 2000 Agreement between the People s Republic of China and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam on the Delimitation of the Territorial Sea Exclusive Economic Zone and Continental Shelf between the two countries in the Beibu Gulf17 May 2002 Supplementary Agreement between the People s Republic of China and the Republic of Tajikistan concerning the China Tajikistan Boundary20 June 2002 Protocol between the Government of the People s Republic of China the Democratic People s Republic of Korea and the Government of the Russian Federation Concerning the Description of the Boundary Points of the People s Republic of China the Democratic People s Republic of Korea and the Russian Federation on the Tumen River29 March 2003 Protocol between the Government of the People s Republic of China the Democratic People s Republic of Korea and the Government of the Russian Federation Concerning the Description of the Boundary Points of the People s Republic of China the Democratic People s Republic of Korea and the Russian Federation on the Tumen River25 June 2004 Decision of the Standing Committee of the National People s Congress on ratifying the Agreement between the People s Republic of China and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam on the Delimitation of the Territorial Sea Exclusive Economic Zone and Continental Shelf in the Beibu Gulf 14 October 2004 Supplementary Agreement between the People s Republic of China and the Russian Federation concerning the Eastern Section of the National Boundary between China and Russia2 June 2005 Supplementary Agreement between the People s Republic of China and the Russian Federation concerning the Eastern Section of the National Boundary between China and Russia10 October 2006 Treaty of the People s Republic of China the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam and the Lao People s Democratic Republic on Determining the Boundary Points of the Three Countries28 February 2007 Decision of the Standing Committee of the National People s Congress on ratifying the Treaty of the People s Republic of China the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam and the Lao People s Democratic Republic on Determining the Boundary Points of the Three Countries Identifying the Three Countries Decision of the Treaty on Border Crossings5 June 2012 The Agreement between the People s Republic of China the Republic of Tajikistan and the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan on Determining the Boundary Points of the Three Countries10 September 2012 Statement of the Government of the People s Republic of China on the baselines of the territorial sea of the Diaoyu Dao and its Affiliated Islands14 December 2014 Agreement between the People s Republic of China the Republic of Tajikistan and the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan on Determining the Boundary Points of the Three CountriesJuly 2016 China Adheres to the Position of Settling Through Negotiation the Relevant Disputes Between China and the Philippines in the South China SeaSee alsoPorts of entry of China Territorial changes of the People s Republic of China Territorial disputes of the People s Republic of China Chinese Korean border fence McMahon Line Tumen River Boundaries of Hong Kong Boundaries of Macau Frontier Closed Area Sino Indian border disputeNotesIn three sections separated by Nepal and Bhutan depends on the resolution of Sino Indian border dispute and disputes between India and Pakistan Depends on the resolution of territorial disputes between Bhutan and China The legal land boundary of the Republic of China is still based on these treaties References China The World Factbook Central Intelligence Agency retrieved 9 June 2024 CIA The World Factbook China S Fletcher 2005 Energy competition seen raising tension in China Rim Oil amp Gas Journal in Korean 103 17 40 Pyatt T Roger June 1995 Business Networks and Dyad Studies Theory and Practice in Southeast Asia Asia Pacific Business Review 1 4 1 14 doi 10 1080 13602389500000013 ISSN 1360 2381 Weirauch Wendy 1 November 2005 Producer s viewpoint petrochemicals outlook in a changing world Hydrocarbon Processing 84 11 25 26 Lanteigne Marc 28 June 2019 Chinese Foreign Policy An Introduction Routledge ISBN 978 0 429 79543 5 Blanchard Jean Marc F Shen Simon 20 February 2015 Conflict and Cooperation in Sino US Relations Change and Continuity Causes and Cures Routledge ISBN 978 1 317 66427 7 Freeman Carla 1 January 2021 12 China s Periphery A Rift Zone in U S China Relations Engaging China 335 364 doi 10 7312 thur20128 012 ISBN 978 0 231 55402 2 Cumings Bruce 1999 The American Century and the Third World Diplomatic History 23 2 355 370 doi 10 1111 1467 7709 00169 ISSN 0145 2096 JSTOR 24913744 Huck Arthur 1979 Review of China and the Major Powers in East Asia China and America Dragon and Eagle Pacific Affairs 52 1 110 113 doi 10 2307 2757771 ISSN 0030 851X JSTOR 2757771 Sutter Robert 2015 More American Attention to Taiwan Amid Heightened Competition with China American Journal of Chinese Studies 22 1 1 16 ISSN 2166 0042 JSTOR 44289071 External linksMedia related to Borders of China at Wikimedia Commons
